Business Health Check Essay Example

Business Health Check Essay Analyses the objective a selected service industry (Hotel, Restaurant )(AC. 1) Discuss about the development of hospitality industry based on the industry objectives in context of a chosen hospitality organization) MI : Identify tourism and hospitality development network and explain how they serve to achieve the industry objectives. (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospitality industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Explain factors that impact on a selected service industry business. AC. 2) (You are required to analyses the indirect and direct effects in which a chosen hospitality organization operates, analyses the environment in a selected arrive Industry) ODL : Imagine you are the Business manager who has been asked to formulate a strategy in line with the environmental changes of tourism and hospitality Sector in ASK. What strategies and policies you would recommend? (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospital ity industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Determine potential improvements to a selected service industry business. (AC 1. 3) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of operational activities in line with the trend of operations in the hospitality sector e. G. The production line approach and the customer participation approach and its effects on the organizations) PA. Review the effectiveness of a selected service industry business. (AC. 1) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of current service and performance measurement in the modern people centered industry of your choice) AS. Develop plans to improve the elected service industry business, justifying their value. (AC. 2)(You are ARQ aired to support your assessment with the help of service quality and customer retention based on the perpetual map in the odder people centered industry of your choice ) Task two: pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (1_03) Answer the following is a scenario (Essay format) Task three: Pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (ALL) Answer the following is a scenario (Class room activity) Scenario Investing in people: at what cost? We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Amanda Scott, then General Manager of the Copter Hotel in Glasgow, suggests that in many respects lip embodied what any good manager should be doing investing in their people. However, she also outlined a number of criticisms. Many companies that have attained the lip Standard often already eave good HRS systems and procedures in place so gaining the award may simply be nothing more than a bagging process. Moreover it is a bagging process that generates a lot of paperwork and bureaucracy, with the awarding body often using obscure and confusing jargon. She also suggests that the cost of lip accreditation may well be prohibitive, As a management model it can deliver, but in my opinion EH for the privilege of a branding exercise cannot be justified. It if was my personal money? I dont think so. This latter point concerning the costly nature of lip accreditation could be articulacy important for smaller companies who predominate in tourism and hospitality. The CHIP has recently estimated that the total cost of seeking lip is between EH-EYE 000 depending On the size of the Organization and how much consultancy support the organization uses. Derived from Scott (1999); CHIP (2006). Class room Activity: PA. Devise and justify plans for the development of skills for management and staff in a selected service industry business. (AC. 2) (This is a class activity and once the activity is carried out by the tutor then type the class activity and attach it with your assignment) MGM: Review the demand supply of labor based on occupation in the context of your chosen hospitality organization. DO: Describe the overall objectives of your chosen hospitality organization, and demonstrate the current workforce position. Conclusions Recommendations You are required to write conclusions to your assignment. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your assignment, to summarize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also our opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note. Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your find nags. Note: To achieve a Merit, your work must show evidence of all three Ms i. E. MI /MM/ MM. Not just the examples given above. To achieve a Distinction, your work must show evidence of ALL three Ads Achievement of Pass, Merit and Distinction Grade Achievement of a Pass grade: A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for pass for each unit. Achievement Of a merit grade To achieve a merit grade you must achieve a pass grade and also your essay/ assignment/coursework demonstrates your abilities and skills in the following areas: MI identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Unselect/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques MM present and communicate appropriate findings Grade Descriptors: Merit Indicative Characteristics MI Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions effective judgments have been made complex problems with more than one variable have been explored an effective approach to study and research has been applied MM Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques relevant theories and techniques have been applied a range Of methods and techniques have been applied a range of sources of information has been used the selection of methods and techniques/sources has been justified the design of methods/techniques has been justified complex information/data has been s ynthesized and processed appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied VI Present and communicate appropriate findings the appropriate structure and approach has been used coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience a range of methods of presentation have been used and technical language has been accurately used communication has taken place in familiar and unfamiliar contexts The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used. Achievement of a distinction grade TO achieve a merit grade you must achieve merit grade and also your essay/ ODL: use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities DO demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking Structure and Format for report writing, essay format and class room activity (Assignment) You are advised to use the following format Title page -? The details of author, circulation, purpose of submission and date. Contents -? With page numbers. Introduction -? The background, the issue and the aim of the investigation. With headings and sub-headings clearly showing who ICC assessment criteria overfed e. G. (AC 1. 1) Conclusions -? Overall findings of the investigation: the overall picture that has emerged and the implications. References _ Identification of literature and other sources used and referred to in the text. Appendix A: Plagiarism and Collusion Any act of plagiarism and collusion will be seriously dealt with according to the regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below: Using the work of others without acknowledging source of information or inspiration. Even if the words are changed or sentences are put in different order, the result is still plagiarism. (Cornell 2003) Collusion describes as the submission of work produced in collaboration for an assignment based on the assessment of individual work. When one person shares his/her work with others who submit part or all of it as their own work. Appendix B: Harvard Referencing System Any information that is not yours needs to be referenced or else turns to be plagiarism. Copying from someones work can be unintentionally if you are unaware of the rules of acknowledging and referencing direct quotations. The Harvard system of citation requires you to acknowledge certain information which are mainly the surname and year of publication within the text.

Human Rights in china essays

Human Rights in china essays One of the first things that come to mind about human rights in China would most likely be the Tiananmen Square massacre, where in 1989 hundreds of student protestors lost their lives to the People's Republic of China. The bloody body of a dead student removed from the street right after the Tiananmen Square crackdown on June 4, 1989. Web page rjgeib.com/thoughts/china/china.html The name People's Republic of China seems a contradiction of its meaning. If indeed its name is the People's Republic of China than why did it massacre peaceful protestors with tanks and machine guns? But the Chinese government argues that the force was necessary for maintaining a national order (Muzhi Zhu). The People's Republic of China (PRC) is actually an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the main source of power. At the national and regional levels, party members hold almost all the top government, police, and military positions. The country's authority rests with members of the Politburo (China Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1999). CCP stresses that it needs to maintain stability and social order. The Government's poor human rights record in 1999 shows the extent at which the Government intensified efforts to suppress its 1.27 billion people. A crackdown against a newly formed opposition party, which began in the fall of 1998, broadened and intensified during the year. By the end of 1998, almost all of the key leaders of the China Democracy Party (CDP) were serving long prison terms or were in custody without any formal charges, and only a handful of members nationwide dared to remain active publicly (China Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1999). Tens of thousands of members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement were arrested after the movement was banned in July. Thereafter, several leaders of the movement were sentenced to long prison terms in late December, and hundre...

Harper Lee Biography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harper Lee Biography - Research Paper Example Harper Lee was different from her college-mates in that she was not quite as interested in dating, makeup, and fashion as others were. She instead focused all her efforts on improving her writing skills. She was a member of the glee club as well as of the literary honor society. â€Å"Pursuing her interest in writing, Lee contributed to the school’s newspaper and its humor magazine, the Rammer Jammer† (â€Å"Harper Lee†). Harper Lee particularly got famous from a controversial novel title To Kill a Mockingbird, which depicted race relations in the USA among many other issues. Harper Lee was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for writing this novel, though no other book has been published by her ever since. About herself, Harper Lee said, â€Å"I am still alive although very quiet† (Lee cited in Lombardi). Harper Lee has received several honorary doctorates since June 1966 when she was named by the President Johnson to the National Council of Arts. Harper Lee presently lives in New York (â€Å"Biography of

Illustrate how Shakespeare's Macbeth and John Clare's poetry use Essay

Illustrate how Shakespeare's Macbeth and John Clare's poetry use animals to present a message about human affairs such as politi - Essay Example It encompasses all religions, poetries, arts, histories, dramas, fictions and non-fictions. It enhances and reshapes the readers’ perception of life by providing them a wider spectrum through imaginary or factual narrations. It represents man’s relationship to man using images and symbols. As C. S. Lewis debates that â€Å"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become"1. Thus, it is not a mere picture of reality rather it is a process of value addition in it; and represents prevailing cultures and norms of a particular society pointing out its various aspects. Literature can be regarded as a wise teacher. It presents examples, illustrations, and incidents in front of the readers to correlate their own lives and draw intellectual conclusions from them. Symbols and images are the most important tools of literature. Image represents reality whereas symbols stand for comparable aspects. The writers use them to create sharp and vivid images in the minds of the readers so that they may see their own worth in comparison to the characters and factors presented. Other than creating sharp fantasies, images serve to offer a deep penetration into the emotions and feelings of the characters in a particular situation. Thus, whenever a character in Ibsen’s plays feel emotional turmoil, he goes straight to the stove or fire. Fielding plays with the images of clothing and nakedness in ‘Joseph Andrews’ to use them as the symbols of human intentions,2 and status; Shakespeare uses them to explain seven stages of human life3 and Tennyson uses them to present facts in disguise. Animals have been a constant, continuous and effective source of symbols and images in English literature. Writers have used animals to represent and symbolise certain features of human nature. For exampl e, Shakespeare refers to snail to explain the pace of a school going child4; Jonathan Swift offered horse-like yahoos5; Alfred Tennyson has used the image of an eagle in his poem ‘The Eagle’ to explain the vigilance and crookedness with which authoritative ruler takes care of his estate6; Wordsworth has referred to Nightingale and cuckoo bird in ‘Solitary Reaper’ to explain the sweetness and thrill of maiden’s song and voice; Sylvia Plath has used bees7; Adrienne Rich referred to Tigers8, etc. For ages, this sort of imagery had been taken as aesthetics of writers. It is only now that cultural criticism is made upon this particular feature to highlight its social, political and religious aspects. This innovative field of critical study is called, ‘Ecocriticism’. Ecocriticism Ecocriticism challenges the study of literature’s relationship to the world. It is a key to the new awareness of life sciences. The main argument in natural sc iences states that the natural environment is an exclusive contributor to the human life and social values. Cultural change can be induced by the adaptation to the environment. It

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic Planning - Essay Example This creates a need for the capital projects to be well analysed and all details to be well understood to be able to evaluate the effects on the overall value of the firm. As seen in the definition, the capital projects help develop and increase the fixed assets of a company. This in turn helps the company earn higher levels of profits. The assets when fully utilised can be helpful in improving the overall productivity and output of the firm as well (Constantini, 2006). The main aim or objective of any capital project that is undertaken by a firm is to help the company’s assets to either be renewed or even to help replace the assets, to allow better performance and output. The affects of the capital decisions and investments have a two fold affect. Firstly they affect the operations of the firm. Secondly they have a great impact on the share prices of the firm as well. The decisions made have a strong impact and can make the stock prices rise or fall to a great extent. Hence the capital projects require to be very carefully considered and implemented as the affects of this can lead to very high profits while an error in this can be catastrophic for the company as well. It is also essential that the plans and investments that are made are in line with the strategic plans of the firms. For a business to invest in a capital project, it is essential to consider the project as a new business start up and the work on this very carefully as it involves, increasing the capacity of the firm, operations scales and also the investments on assets. As explained earlier, the capital projects lead to an increase in the fixed assets of the firm, which in turn has an impact on the scale of operations which thereby leads to increased operating profits for the firm. This complete process has an affect on the overall value of the firm. Hence this proves that the capital projects have a very

The Benefits Of Implementing Effective Hse Policies Commerce Essay

The Benefits Of Implementing Effective Hse Policies Commerce Essay This report highlights the benefits of effective health and safety policies and practises. It presents a case study company that outlines the importance of implementing a good and effective HSE policy which can be initiated in other small to medium sized oil companies. The major result of the case study is that the case study company believed that improving health and safety was vital to operational risk management and business growth and as such went further to implement it. The key motivator for this initiative was the cost incurred by the company involving an oil spill incident in 2004. It was also discovered that the case study company did not keep a systematic nor comprehensive record of the costs or benefits of the companys operations prior to the 2004 incident. This prompted a change of HSE policy that benefited the company in terms of increased productivity and reduction of employee absence. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Personnel absent due to ill health and injuries % 35.00 32 28 20 10 Hospital bills incurred by company $ 55,000 50,000 42,000 30,000 20,000 Company productivity% 55 58 62 69 74 The implementation and constant supervision of HSE practices within an organisation will always be of benefit to the management and stakeholders as seen in the case of the CNC Oil Company; the case study company for this report. NOTE The CNC Oil Company, which is the case study company in this report, DOES NOT EXIST. This company was made up to highlight the benefits of implementing an effective HSE policy, demonstrating that good HSE practices are essential to the growth and productivity of businesses involving small to medium sized oil companies. ABBREVIATIONS SMOCs Small to Medium sized Oil Companies HSE Health, Safety and Environment SMO Small to Medium sized Oil ASSUMPTIONS ALL FIGURES AND TABLES IN THIS REPORT WERE ASSUMED FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Operational risks are associated with our everyday business lives in the oil and gas industry. Sometimes we take risks knowingly and other times, unknowingly. The likelihood of operational harm and disasters are influenced by the attitude to risk taken by employers and employees alike. BACKGROUND This case study have been prepared to help promote the responsibility for health, safety of lives and environment within the small and medium-sized oil companies (SMOC). The report will be taking a look at some of the positives that result from good and effective management of health and safety in the workplace. This report cuts across- The necessity to raise a case for health and safety improvements in order for the present day SMO companies around the world to become aware of the benefits in putting in place good and effective health and safety management Reaching a whole lot of other small to medium-sized oil companies, making them aware that health and safety is infact good for business. It is as important to see and plan for accidents, work related ill health and environmental hazards and destruction, as well as enjoy the benefit of effective health and safety management. Many oil and gas companies classified as small to medium sized fail to see this because they think it is too high leveled and are mainly concerned about the cost of risk management and prevention. Owing to this factor, there is a tendency to see a handful of fully worked up examples of cost and benefits of health and safety within the small to medium sized oil or gas companies. AIMS AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT The aim of this report is to produce a case study that emphasizes the benefits of implementing health and safety policies and practices to small and medium sized oil and gas companies. A persuasive case study is subsequently put in place to highlight the management of specific risks and improved employee involvement in SMOCs. 2.0 DISCUSSION It is extremely important to establish a business case for managing health and safety standards both for policy and practical purposes. Publishing clear business cases would very much make other companies try to implement and keep up safe and desirable working conditions. Looking at most major accidents occurring with the small to medium sized oil companies (SMOC) it is visible that these accidents happen due to ignorance of HSE policies and procedures and due to the low priority given to health and safety issues in these SMOCs. In Nigeria, the major cause for alarm is the increasing rate of poor occupational health and environmental hazards. These companies tend to neglect the importance of preserving the environment and turn their eyes from the effect this will have on the health of personnel and locals alike. Highlighting the oil spill in a village called Oloibiri, in the Niger Delta region which occurred in June 2004 spilling approximately 20,000barrels of crude it shows clearly how much importance is given to this sector. The village of Oloibiri and its surrounding neighborhood have yet to recover from this spill which was actually an abandoned project of a major oil company but subcontracted to CDC oil company; a smaller contractor oil company for well shut-in (name of major oil company with-held for security reasons). The CNC Oil Company had failed to make use of standard shut in equipments and they had failed to carry out maintenance on their project neglecting simple HSE practices thereby subjecting this entire village and its surrounding neighborhood to this catastrophic condition. During investigation into the cause of the spillage, it was discovered that the subcontractors failed to use standard piping materials and also failed to carry out regular maintenance on the operation. The Niger Delta region is constantly under incessant oil spill threat resulting from rusty sub-standard pipes that are being used by the contractor companies all in order to make more profit while neglecting their responsibilities in the department of health and safety and the June 2004 incident highlights this. While the negative impact caused by CNC Oil Companys lack of responsibility is very visible, it is important to take note that there was not a committee that kept the company in check. It is either they did not exist or their Authority and power was perhaps, greatly undermined. Operational and industrial accidents create a lot of distress and grief to all parties involved, from huge financial costs to negative publicity to which the subcontractor company can testify to. The suppliers, managers, local residents, shareholders employees and all other stakeholders are all interested and concerned when these industrial accidents occur since the oil company has to strike a balance between the different interests of these stakeholders. Lessons are sometimes learnt the hard way. It may take a lot of reduction in employee work rate, increase in recorded absentees from work, reduction in clients, and bad publications to ring the wakeup call for the implementation of effective HSE policies which was the case with the subcontractor company. 3.0 LESSONS LEARNT AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE It is never enough to carry out extensive investigations on the safety records of most SMOCs. Many of these small to medium sized oil companies usually adopt general health and safety methods which can only be demonstrated by management systems but cannot be proven due to poor record keeping. They fail to review these general methods and tend not to improve their HSE policies as it affects their companies, or they may just choose to ignore safety standards like the case involving the CNC Oil Company in June 2004. 3.1 NATURE OF THE BUSINESS CASE SMOCs do not generally do full quantitative cost benefit analysis and it is therefore not clear if they need it to be convinced of the case in difficult financial terms (Antonelli, Baker, Mcmahon and wright, 2006). An interesting and significant point that unites the SMOCs and the larger oil and gas companies is that the smaller companies also take risk management very serious. They are motivated to improve the health and safety of their personnel when the benefits are presented before them but are not always in the position to invest heavily towards this. The general key motivating issues are: maintaining good reputation; higher productivity especially reduction in absence of personnel; Containing cost of insurance; Abiding by the HSE laws, hereby preventing the likelihood of local HSE organizations taking any kind of actions against them; Meeting the demands of the clients; Avoiding the cost of accidents and remedial approaches. The case study company operates as a contractor company for larger oil companies. They provide services including well abandonment and shut-in operations. The perception of low health and safety risk in a company can drive clients to other companies with better track record in the HSE department to carry out their operations thereby increasing the need to implement good HSE policies in companies while bearing in mind that adequate time and finance is needed to achieve this in higher standards. The case study company in this report implemented new HSE policies which are regarded by organizations as an appropriate course of action to bring business benefits and health and safety improvement. (See appendix). IDENTIFYING THE BENEFITS AND THE COSTS. In any business, there is need to keep a sound record of company operations and HSE policies, as this is very essential to further improvements and growth of the company. The CNC Oil Company failed to keep this kind of record before the incident occurred in 2004 and were faced with the consequences. Many of the SMOCs in Nigeria do not have a predefined budget for health and safety in their initial stages because they did not feel the need to justify such information. This makes it difficult for them to track back how much have been spent or gained in relation to good and effective HSE practices and how to improve further their reputation in this aspect. The Table below depicts the record of CNC Oil Company after the 2004 accident. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Personnel absent due to ill health and injuries % 35.00 32 28 20 10 Hospital bills incurred by company $ 55,000 50,000 42,000 30,000 20,000 Company productivity% 55 58 62 69 74 Table 1. Summarised record of CNC Oil Company in 4years As represented by the table above, CNC Oil Company benefited from the introduction of a new HSE policy and strict adherence to the policy by both the employers and the employees played a vital role in the success they have incurred as at 2009. Therefore, Presenting the financial benefits in terms of reduction in absence rates, business interruption by locals due to accidents and operations that impact negatively to the health and environmental safety of their lands and families, productivity, better reputation, more clients etc, may help alter the attitudes towards health and safety, showing that it is not simply a compliance or personnel welfare issue (Antonelli, Baker, Mcmahon and wright, 2006). CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE HSE contractors and departments in various companies must emphasize the importance of improving the health and safety standards of employees and also work out policies to safeguard the surrounding environment in order to contribute to the growth of the company and the community where they are situated. With this in mind, considerations can be given to the following in the future: In the case of the Nigerian oil spill in the Niger delta region, a health, safety and environment governmental body should be put in place and given adequate tools and power to clamp down on companies that do not regard or follow health and safety rules and regulations in their operations inside the Nigerian border; Small to medium sized oil companies should evaluate the impact of the case studies who they work for, who they dont work for and, Baker, why (Antonelli Mcmahon and wright, 2006); Educate and train staff and company contractors about the influence that good or effective and bad or in-effective health and safety practices may bring to the company; Consider the potential for drawing on the extensive knowledge and experience of the health and safety inspectors to identify small to medium sized oil companies who manage health and safety well (Antonelli Mcmahon and wright, 2006); Keep track of the costs or benefits that health and safety has on the operations of the company and try to improve the values from previous years; It is essential that the communities where these companies carry out their operations are well taken care of. The livelihood of the locals usually depends on their environment and health; hence it is essential to take into consideration ways to improve the lives of the people while identifying possible hazards that may harm their lives. 4.0 CONCLUSION SMOCs should operate effective HSE policies to help them meet safety objectives, productivity targets and improve business opportunities. Regular records should be kept to help identify areas of improvement in the company and provide a track record for clients and all shareholders. Investing in effective HSE policies should be one of the major businesses of SMOCs so that they can attain set standards and objectives, and enhance their reputation. There are lots of business benefits associated with implementing effective HSE policies and encouraging strict adherence to these policies. These benefits should be exploited by the SMOCS. REFERENCE A. Antonelli, M. Baker, A. Mcmahon, M. Wright Six SME case studies that demonstrate the business benefit of effective management of Occupational health and safety. Crown, 2006. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOC Operating an effective health, safety and environment policy. Further reading can be found at http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/boc/operating-an-effective-safety-health-and-environmental-policy/conclusion.html#axzz2Cz7sRYST. (Website assessed 18/11/2012) Frank W Bond, Paul E Flaxman, Sharon Loivette A Business case for the management standards for stress. Crown, 2006. H. Hoel, K. Sparks, C.L. Cooper. The cost of violent/ stress at work and the benefits of a violence/stress- free working environment. Geneva: International Labour Organization 2006.

Eve’s Food Preparation: Art and Experience in Eden :: Research Papers

Eve’s Food Preparation: Art and Experience in Eden The arts of the first couple before the Fall have been extensively written on. It seems that most critics view prelapsarian art as congruous and natural to Eden, as evidence of prelapsarian splendor. Ann Torday Gulden states that art in Eden is socially neutral: â€Å"Surely art is innocuous [in Eden], an integral part of paradisal bliss† (18). Indeed, Eve’s artistic activity makes Eden seem all the more delightful to the reader. However, with a careful examination of how Eve’s art is perceived by the poem’s male characters, it becomes evident that Eve’s aesthetics do not quite fit. It is tempting for the reader, who lives in a â€Å"fallen† world, so unequivocally in favor of artistic culture, to praise Eden for examples of cultural activity within it. However, just about every example of Eve’s artistic activity is characterized by an aloofness from divine discourse. The male authoritative characters of Paradise Lost primarily ignore Eve’s examples of talented artistry, giving neither praise nor disapproval. But while the lack of recognition speaks volumes about her low status, it allows her an expansive autonomy from the divinely recognized modes of Edenic worship and devotion which serve to revere God. If the authoritative male characters regard her creativity as inconsequential, then there is almost no limit to the degree of autonomous creativity she can have within that localized sphere of artistry; no one is watching her or correcting her. The way in which Eve prepares food for the dinner guest, the angel Raphael, is a prime illustration of both Eve’s removal from the divine discourse and her expansion of a cultural, creative realm in which she can act, rather than follow. The first thing to recognize about the scene of Raphael’s arrival to instruct Adam and Eve is that Eve is excluded from proximity to the divine by Adam. To some degree, Adam actually forces her removal. The first one to see Raphael coming is Adam, of course. He says: Haste hither, Eve, and, worth thy sight, behold Eastward among the trees what glorious shape Comes this way moving; seems another morn Risen on mid-noon. Some great behest from Heaven To us perhaps he brings, and will vouchsafe This day to be our guest. But go with speed, And what thy stores contain bring forth, and pour Abundance fit to honour and receive Our heavenly stranger... (5.308) Adam’s language is unquestioning. It is clear that he knows a guest from Heaven is on his way. The speed with which he recognizes that the thing on the horizon is from Heaven shows that he has an intuitive

Literature

REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Story of an Hour† A)   Plot : The married Mrs. Louise Mallard is told her husband has died in a train accident.   She has a heart condition and experiences deep grief over her husband’s death.   Slowly the grief fades and she begins to feel a sense of relief.   Realizing now she does not have to live for anyone else but herself.   She can do what she wants when she wants.   Just as she is overcome with joy about her new and limitless future, her husband walks through the door.   There was a mistake and he was not even near the crash, Mrs. Mallard dies from her heart condition. B) Narrative Point of View : Omniscient point of view narrates the story.   The narrator knows everything that is happening and what everyone is thinking in the story. C)   Characters : Mrs. & Mr. Mallard are the main characters.   Josephine and Richard are the couple’s friends. D)   Style : She makes interesting use of the Omniscient point of view.   Most stories featuring this particular narrative style become boring and predictable.   However, in this particular short story the omniscient narrator has a bit of a sense of humor and timing, keeping the most important information (that Mr. Mallard did not die in the accident) well hidden until the end of the story.   There is also a bit of irony that Mrs. Mallard dreams of freedom end in her death which is another form of freedom.   It is important to point out that Mrs. Mallard does not die from joy but from sadness having to go back to living and submitting to her husband again. E) Setting : The bulk of the story takes place physically in the Mallard house, and Mrs. Mallard’s room.   Much of the text of the novel actually takes place in Mrs. Mallard’s mind and thoughts. F)   Imagery : This story is fairly light on imagery, however the train could remind the reader about the forward motion of life. G) Themes : Everyone should have the freedom to live life as they want too, it can be a source of great joy, but   the removal of the joy (however brief) can be deadly. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† A)   Plot : An old   man sits in a cafà ©, it is almost closing time.   Two waiters are serving him, and are anxious to go home.   The younger waiter wants to go home to his wife and warm bed.   The older waiter has nothing to go home too.   The old waiter will probably end up a bar himself after work.   The old man discusses his discontentment with life, attempted suicide, and his loneliness.  Ã‚   The story continues and we see that the old waiter has much of the same feelings of depression and struggles against them each night.   The old waiter has lost faith in god and he fears what will happen after death. B)   Narrative Point of View : The point of view of this story is third person.   The narrator does not participate in the action of the story. C) Characters : An old waiter, the main character, and the young waiter. D)   Style :   Hemmingway makes good use of the foil systems.   Both waiters act as foils to the main character. E)   Setting : This short story is primarily set in cafà © in late evening.   Two waiters serve their last customers and hope to leave soon. F) Imagery :   The use of light and dark in the story is interesting to look at   The cafe is clean and well light, the bar however is dirty and dark.   The old waiter believes that there is nothing after death so the human race is left in the dark.   Light represents what men use to distract himself from the darkness or the thought of death.   This is typical of Hemmingway’s nihilistic view of the world with no hope and no escape except for what man creates for himself. G)   Themes : The theme of the story is the same thing that run through his other stories – there is no god, no meaning in the world, and man must find things to distract him from the horrible truth. 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young,† AE Housman A)   Speaker / Situation :   The speaker of the poem is someone who knows the athlete, perhaps a member of his community who was able to watch the athlete’s accomplishments.   The poem reads like a speech read at a funeral, though it is never clear if that is the intended purpose.   The speaker directly addresses the dead athlete.   The situation of the poem is a young vibrant athlete has passed away and the speaker in the poem is telling the audience that is better to die in the prime of your life then to peak and decline in your â€Å"older† years.   It is clear from the lines of the poem that the speaker must have had his fair share of glorious moments but no longer can achieve them. B)   Word Choice :   In stanza one the speaker talks about the athlete was revered and well loved, and how the town cheered for his victories.   The dictation of the first stanza sounds like a cheerleading cheer with a AABB rhyme scheme : race, place and by, high. C)   Figurative Language : The author uses euphemisms for death in the poem : â€Å"the road all runners come,† â€Å"threshold,† â€Å"shady night,† and â€Å"shade† instead of directly addressing death. D)   Imagery – N/A E)   Symbols: N/A F)   Other :   The poem carries a certain amount of irony while the poem is about a young man dying, it is supposed to be sad but the speaker speaks about how great it is to die in the prime of your life. G)   Structure : The poem has a very monotonous tone with rhymed couplets.   This particular structure creates music for the poem much like a death march. H) Theme : The briefness of life and fame.   Housman compares the two and shows are each is brief and should be valued while they last. 2)   â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost A)   Speaker / Situation : The speaker of the poem is one of two neighbors who are having a conflict over the building of a wall between their properties. B) Figurative Language : C)   Word Choice : Frost uses casual language and a friendly tone to convey the feeling of poem.   The speaker seems very friendly and honest, and immediately the reader feels like he is an old friend. D)   Imagery :   Frost breathes life into the cold New England landscape which offers a great backdrop to this poem. E)   Symbols : Frost uses the metaphor of stones to represent anything that comes between two people.   Whether it is emotion or inanimate objects.   The wall embodies this separation and invades every interaction   they with each other.   The wall represents control and limitation. F)   Other :   N/A G)   Structure : N/A H)   Theme : One of the major themes in The Mending Wall is the cycles of the seasons.   Many phrases refer to the seasons , in cyclic way – â€Å"spring mending-time,† â€Å"frozen ground-swell,† â€Å"once again,† â€Å"spring is the mischief in me.†Ã‚   Isolation is another theme.   The poem comments on the nature of society , how we interact with each, and how society functions as a whole.   Often in society we do not realize that we build walls between us, â€Å"No one has seen them made or heard them made.† 2)   â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake A)   Speaker / Situation : This poem is about the nature of creation, unlike his other poems this one takes on the depiction of the dark side of creation.   It has some pretty intense religious overtones. B)   Word Choice : Each line ends in a perfect rhyme. C)   Figurative Language :   N/A D)   Imagery : N/A E)   Symbols :   The Tyger is the representation creation, the process of creation, and the creator.   He is fierce, strong, cunning, and if he wants to be deadly.   Comparing this to God, the creator of the universe. F)   Other : There are several contrasting words â€Å"burning bright – night† shows the visual impact of the tyger, â€Å"hand – eye† contrast practical skill and art, â€Å"deeps – skies† contrasts the depths of the universe and the good and evil within that universe. G)   Structure :   Six four line stanzas or six quartrains in rhymed couplets.   Most of the lines contain seven syllables.   There i H)   Theme   : Man-made phenomena (inventions), their purposes and unwanted effects, e.g. technical progress, nuclear power etc. Reflect on religious aspects; is there an almighty God? Does he renounce the control of nature, its creatures and man-made evils? 3) Definitions: Reversal : unexpected series of events which causes the action in a narrative to switch direction Recognition : when a character realizes the error of his ways and attempted to make it right Tragic Flaw : a personality flaw of the hero, which causes the character to make choices which seals their fate Exposition : background information before the action of the story begins Rising Action : general introduction of characters and setup for the climax Crisis : when the main character decides what she/he will do and commits to it. Climax : is the turning point of the story Resolution : when loose ends are tied up and characters reflect on what happened and what they learned 3)   Antigone Exposition :   Ã‚  Ã‚   Polyneices and Eteocles are two brother who fight on the opposite sides of a war.   They have both died in battle.   The new leader of Creon commands that Eteocles will be honored but Polyneices will not be. Rising Action : Polyneices will not be given a holy burial, and the animals will eat him.   Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead brothers.   Antigone plots with Ismere to buy Polyneices.   Ismene refuses to   help because if they are caught disobeying they will be put to death. Crisis : Antigone becomes this tragedy’s hero and is going to bury Polyneices himself.   Creon finds out the body has been buried and orders the sentry to seek out the person who buried him.   He soon locates Antigone.   She does not deny what she did.   Soon her sister is also taken.   The sisters are locked up temporarily.   Haemon who is Creon’s son, and the Antigone’s fiance promises his father his alliance. Haemon tries to talk his father out of killing Antigone but when he refuses, Haemon fights with his father.   Creon imprisons Antigone in a cave.   Teiresias, the prophet warns that the gods will be unhappy with Creon if he continues to hold Antigone.   The prophet tells Creon that he will lose his children, Greece will dispie him, and the offerings made by Thebes will not be accepted gy the gods. Climax : Creon decides to free Antigone and bury Polyneices.   However he is too late, he gets notice that Haemon and Antigone have both killed themselves.   Upon hearing the news, Creon’s wife Eurydice kills herself. Resolution : Creon realizes that everything that has happened to him he causes himself.   He knows his actions were wrong and the Gods did not approve. Reversal and Recognition :   Antigone and Creon fight over whether or not it is morally right to bury Polyneices properly.   Reversal occurs when Creon is told that his children will die, and he will loose the respect of Greece.   Recognition comes when Creon takes the adivce of counsel and attempts to make things right by letting Antigone go and burying Polyneices. Tragic Flaw :   Antigone’s tragic flaw is her own arrogance.   She insists she is right and must bury Polneices, and even after she is caught she continues to plead her case Creon by telling him he wrong and she is right. Tragedy Themes and Structure : Antigone chooses to bury Polynecies and in doing so has accepted her punished and fate of being buried alive.   Creon chooses to not bury Polyneices and chooses to cave up Antigone in doing so, even though he is counseled not to he seals his fate of loosing everything he values in the world. 3) Hamlet Rising Action : Hamlet is the son of Denmark who has recently been died.   Hamlet’s uncle (Claudius)   then marries Hamlet’s mother (Gertrude).   Hamlet thinks that Claudius might have killed his father to become the kind of Denmark.   Hamlet’s father’s ghost appears to two officers and eventually Hamlet himself.   The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius did kill his father. Crisis : Hamlet then begins to plot to avenge his father’s death.   Hamlet begins to act like a madman, and it isn’t entirely clear if he is truly insane or just pretending.   Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, friends of Hamlet, are sent to spy on him by Gertrude.   Claudius sends Hamlet to England, and tells Ophelia (who may be in a relationship with Hamlet)   not to associate with Hamlet any longer. Climax : Before leaving Hamlet puts on a play re-enacting the King’s death in hopes of getting Claudius to admit to the murder.   Instead he becomes enraged. Resolution : Hamlet’s mother tries to reason with Hamlet.   Polonius, Ophelia’s father, spies on them, and Hamlet kills him.   Claudius does send Hamlet to England with secret orders to have Hamlet killed.   But Hamlet finds out and is not killed.   Ophelia ends up going man and killing herself.   Hamlet is captured by pirates and is returned to Claudius.   Claudius arranges a sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes.   Hoping Laertes will kill Hamlet with a poison sword tip. The victory cup is also poisoned just in case Laertes is not successful.   .   During the fight the poison drink is offered to Hamlet, who declines and the Queen ends up drinking it, and dies.   Hamlet switches swords with Laertes, who then dies.   As he dies he admits Claudius did murder the King of Denmark.   Laertes dies, Hamlet stabs and kills Claudius and Hamlet dies. Recognition and Reversal : When Hamlet re-enacts his father’s death in the play preformed in front of Claudius and Gertrude is the unexpected event that cause Claudius to realize that Hamlet does know that he is responsible for his father’s murder.   Claudius recognizes that he must get rid of Hamlet if he wants to continue to be the King of Denmark. Tragic   Flaw : Hamlet’s tragic flaw is that he is loyal and is consumed with avenging his father’s murder. Tragedy Themes and Structure : When Hamlet decides to avenge his father’s death he is also accepting his fate of a similar end.   He knows he must murder, and also die to make right the wrongs that were committed against his father, the King of Denmark.   When Clauidius and Gertrude choose to betray the king and murder him, they choose their fate to die just like the King.   They do not realize their fate until after Hamlet performs his play. 4) Biographical Critical Theory – Understanding the history of an author is extremely important in understanding the reasons why he wrote, the way he wrote, and what he was trying to communicate in his writing.   Biographical information can be very expansive covering the life and times of an author and his / her views on multiple topics.   It can also be very specific and center only on key plot points in the text.   For example understanding Hemmingway’s life – he was an alcoholic, he was in World War II, and womanizer certainly can shed light on his short story â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place.†Ã‚   Without that biographical information the story makes very little sense. 4) Deconstructive Critical Theory – Deconstruction is a movement in literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions of identity, truth, and certainty.   Critics using this method believe that text contains no meaning.   Meaning only exists in the minds of the reader.   This is extremely interesting approach and explains while two students reading the same piece of text can have different views about what the poem is about and what the author was trying to convey to the reader. The reader’s past experience greatly effects the meaning he may draw from a piece of literature.   The poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† by AE Housman, can be interpreted in many different ways.   Some people believe that the poem is an actual eulogy, a father’s thoughts about the lost of his son, a   man speaking to himself as a young man, etc.   The views aren’t based on the text but on the meaning that the reader draws from that text.   Without deconstructive critical theory we would have to accept the traditional view that this poem is a eulogy. 5)   I think Historical Critical Theory is the most limited.   I do think it is important to understand the historical context a piece of literature is written in.   It is also important to have a general information about the details of specific historical events of that given time period.   However, I think that the reader often gets bogs down in history and misses parts of the prose that are really important like dictation, metaphor, rhyme, irony, and most importantly personal experience. For example in Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, the reader could research the historic events that occurred in the late 19th century.   We could take note of the relationship between men and women this time, and write a whole paper about relationships and the dominance of women in the time period.   In doing that the reader misses the humor, the sharp ironic edge, the wit, and the social satire Chopin so skillfully employs. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.

Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music

Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music Listening to music is a fabulous way to spend time. However, learning about the way this music was creates is a nonetheless exciting experience, and When We Were Good by Robert S. Cantwell, as well as The Rose the Briar: Death, Love and Liberty in the American Ballad by Greil Markus provide such an opportunity. Which is even more exciting, the two books offer a lot of food for thoughts and raise many interesting questions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The best thing about When We Were Good is that it helps the readers recall some of their first music experiences, which must have started with the introduction to the world of animated movies. It was rather surprising to find out that famous Joan Baez and Bob Dylan worked on one of the soundtracks to Disney’s masterpiece, Lady and the Tramp, playing the part of the Siamese cats. No t only did this news expand my understanding of the genres in which Baez and Dylan performed, but also helped realize how important media is in terms of shaping one’s culture, and how well child impressions can be cemented in one’s memory. After reading When We Were Good, a number of people can hear the famous line â€Å"We are Siamese, if you please† somewhat differently. One of the things that made me wonder, though, is the fact that in his essay, â€Å"We Did Them Wrong,† Cecil Brown makes a clear statement about â€Å"Frankie and Albert† being based off of a single incident. To be more exact, Brown links the ballad to the infamous murder of Allen Britt, which was committed by Frankie Baker earlier. On the one hand, everything from the names in the title of the song to the lyrics points at the fact that the song could be written to honor the memory of Britt and make the audience recall the incident. On the other hand, nothing in the song states explicitly that these are Allen Britt and Frankie Baker that the author is talking about; for what it is worth, the author could be talking about anyone of the same name, starting from his friends at up to fictional characters. Therefore, Brown’s bold statement about the way in which the song was created and what it was inspired by somehow rubs the wrong way. However, when it comes to analyzing the author’s original intent and idea, the discussion might turn rather heated, since there is no rule on how to interpret a work. Dave Marsh’s Barbara Allen, for instance, begs a similar question, making one guess whether the title of the most widespread folk song in the U.S. is actually praise or a statement of the song being slowly worn out. There are different schools of thoughts, each offering its own idea of the author’s intent. Some say that the author’s vision is the only valid one out there; others claim that once the work is open to discussion, it is free to be interpreted any which way the audience sees as possible. Thus, it is reasonable to admit that Brown’s idea of what the song is about has the right to exist, as well as the rest of the opinions on the issue, yet it still can be taken with a grain of salt.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Offering a lot of food for thoughts, The Rose the Briar: Death, Love and Liberty in the American Ballad helps the readers discover the aspects of the world of music that they have never heard of, revealing the readers new shades of meanings of the songs and compositions that used to seem a well-trodden path.

Impact of External Environment on Businesses Essays

Impact of External Environment on Businesses Essays Impact of External Environment on Businesses Paper Impact of External Environment on Businesses Paper These are the external factors which consist of: Opponents or competitors The changing economic structure Impact of the society Financial arrangement Legal or political system The impact of the environment Opponents procedures influence the capability of work in earning profits, as the basic aim of the opponent is to get advantage over the other which is obtained by either diversifying the existing products and services or by finding means to offer better options for the same worth of money. There are three stages of opposition existing in the present world organizations which can be either having a straight competition when the associations are challenging for the similar customers with the analogous products for example grocery or bakery items. Or when there is a rivalry existing between goods that can be replaced with one another for example butter for margarine. Similarly when consumers purchasing power is the main attraction for the producers it results in competition between organizations for example the entertainment sector. The allocation of the scarce resources is handled by the organization comprising the economic system. Economy is part of a nation which is expected to under go phases Of progress by leaps and bounds. When the economy is in a flourishing stage lifting the standards of living resulting in the growth of the business. On the there hand the society is a foundation of inspirations, outlook and activities which are a part of the human affairs. However the business is subjective to change by the actions of customer because of their approach and activities which alter depending on various factors such as maturity level, populace, type of vocation, and spare time activities. Alternatively fiscal classification smoothes the progress of trade alternates. Activities dealing with money basically move around producing, having a loan, expenses and banking. For the lubrication of the wheels of commerce, capital is considered to be the main oil. Monetary doings engross production in a network of contacts linking fiscal bodies which consists of banks, people or companies who grant loans or to whom money is given as advance, clients and contractors. A main factor affecting the business is the interest rate because it is directly proportional with the cost of the company. The elevated the rate, more will be the expenditure to act as a stop on payments in the economy. The rules and regulations created by the legal system provide the framework on which the organization runs. Administration policy of any nation shores up by rooming activities like ventures while puts off others which result in polluting the natural environment. In contrast the environment is made up of all the natures gifts bestowed upon us ranging from land to water and to air which has any sort of life in it. Progressively more productions have turned out to be alert of the affiliation between their cost-effective movements that is composing produces and providing assistance for earnings making sure the environment is not at stake at any cost. If there is anything that is stead fast and unchanging it is change itself. Change is inevitable, and those organizations who do not keep up with change will become unstable, with long-term survivability in question. There are things, events, or situations that occur that affect the way a business operates, either in a positive or negative way. These things, situations, or events that occur that affect a business in either a positive or negative way are called driving forces or environmental factors. There are two kinds Of driving forces; Internal driving forces, and external driving forces. Internal driving forces are those kinds of things, situations, or vents that occur inside the business, and are generally under the control of the company. Examples might be as follows ; organization of machinery and equipment, ; technological capacity, ; organizational culture, ; management systems, ; financial management ; employee morale. External driving forces are those kinds of things, situation, or events that occur outside of the company and are by and large beyond the control of the company. Examples of external driving forces might be, the industry itself, the economy, demographics, competition, political interference, etc. Whether they are internal or external driving forces, one thing is certain for both. Change will occur! A company must be cognizant of these changes, flexible, and willing to respond to them in an appropriate way. External driving forces can bury a business if not appropriately dealt with. The question is, how does a business know what changes are occurring so that they can deal with them in a positive way. K, thats the next issue. In order for a business to succeed and gain the competitive edge, the business must know what changes are indeed occurring, and what changes might be coming up in the future. Uses you might call this forecasting. Thus, critical to the business is what we callinformational resources. It is the collection and analyzing of data. Some examples of critical information might include the following: Competition (what are they doing? Customer behavior (needs, wants, and desires) Industry out look (local, national, global) Demographics (the change populations, there density, etc. ) Economy (are we peaking, or moving negatively) Political movements and/or interference Social environment Technological changes General environmental changes The above are just some issues organizations must be on top of. Well its never easy, but businesses that are successful include all of the above (and more), to develop the appropriate tactics, strategies, and best practices, to ensure successful out comes. External environment factors PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different nongovernmental factors that the company has o take into consideration. Political factors, or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bad). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, genealogical shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.