The Emergence of a Borderless Society - 1321 Words

Introduction Today, we live in a society devoid of yester years restrictions in regard to movement and trade. Basically, the term borderless society has no clear cut definition. However, the same can be likened to many other terms such as globalization, global community, global village, etc. In a borderless society, minimal restrictions exist especially when it comes to the movement of goods, information as well as currency. The Emergence of a Borderless Society In basic terms, the emergence of a borderless society has been influenced by a number of things. Key among these include but they are not in any way limited to the removal of historical trade barriers between countries, the development of an efficient e-commerce platform as well as advances in both telecommunications and transportation. When it comes to the removal of trade barriers, Hamilton and Webster (2012) point out that governments have taken steps to remove barriers to trade and movement of finance through international organizations such as  ¦.the World Trade Organization. Governments according to the authors have also played a key role in the development of a borderless society by setting up common markets as well as custom unions and free trade areas (Hamilton and Webster, 2012). Thanks to advances in transportation, it has now become relatively easy to transport goods from one location to another, regardless of the geographical distance. When it comes to advances in tele communication, HamiltonShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Chapter 14 of the Communication and the Transformation of Economics by Robert E. Babe 667 Words   |  3 Pageshow information policy affects identity and the structure of society. Furthermore an in depth analysis of how new borders is defined and then furthers the creation of new laws is presented. This book is attempting to prove that the power of the informational state is threatened by the increase of technology. Chapters five and six explain the separation of the informational, social and technological systems of the state. Modern society is changing due to the increasingly dependent social and informationRead MoreThe Transformation of Europe Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesthe more unified 21st Century powerhouse that we know today. One of the new ways of thinking that was introduced in Europe, which changed the course of history, was the idea of Enlightenment. As defined by Immanuel Kant, â€Å"Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s own understanding without the guidance of another† (Reader pg 33). To Enlightenment philosophers like Kant, John Locke, Olympe de Gouges, and Voltaire life was about reasonRead More 21st Century Capitalism Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesTradition.† (Heilbroner 26) The second great coordinative mechanism, according to Heilbroner, is Command. Command necessitates orders from some authority and is based on some enforcement mechanism. Some examples of peoples who lived in Command societies are the Romans under the emperors, the Egyptians under the pharaohs, and Stalinist Russia. The purpose of this analysis is to arrive at the concept of the Market, fundamental to the workings of capitalism. The Market system involves each individualRead MoreHas Immigration Impacted Relations? Europe Since The Second World War?1720 Words   |  7 PagesPoland having been the main ‘battlefields’ in the war, emergency workers were drafted in from Eastern Europe and Turkey to kick start these nations back on their feet, with incentives for immigrants to live and establish themselves in a different society. In addition, countries like Germany Austria had their national boundaries reduced, with other countries integrating new areas into their national geography. This created large population movements within Europe and into Europe. Furthermore, theRead MoreGlobalization in Regard to Worldwide Equality1636 Words   |  7 Pagessafe for him or her to claim that the process has actually led to greater global equality. Globalization as a confusing concept Many fail to have a clear understanding of globalization and what it entails. This is largely owed to the fact that society largely promotes globalization as a process that is going to overcome hunger, poverty, and deprivation (Munck, 1). In contrast, other believe that it is actually responsible for many of the problems that the contemporary social order is experiencingRead MoreManagement Of Globalization During The Post Bureaucratic Era1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I am going to discuss how practices of managing culture have been used to develop the management of Globalization in the post-bureaucratic era. Globalization has led to the increasing number of global business relationships, the emergence of new global work structures and work environments. To address this I will discuss Cultural globalization, the practices of Frederick Taylor (Carol Carlson Dean, (1997)) that have led to the social dominance, as corporations around the world haveRead MoreQ1. Summarize the Globalization Debate. What Are the Major Interest Groups in the World Economy? How Are They Affected by Different Element of Globalization?2682 Words   |  11 Pagesor even a systematic analysis of its primary features. Moreover, few studies of globalization proffer a coherent historical narrative which distinguishes between those events that are transitory or immediate and those developments that signal the emergence of a new conjuncture; that is, a transformation of the nature, form and prospects of human communities. A SUMMARY OF THE GLOBALIZATION DEBATE. Globalization may be thought of initially as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectednessRead MoreGlobalization Is Not A New Phenomenon2523 Words   |  11 Pagesthat moment in time. Due to increasing use of advancing technology, being the force driving ‘the world toward a converging commonality’ (Levitt, 1983). As Theodore Levitt previously forecast it in 1983, ‘The result is a new commercial reality—the emergence of global markets for standardized consumer products on a previously unimagined scale of magnitude. Corporations geared to this new reality benefit from enormous economies of scale in production, distribution, marketing, and management. By translatingRead MoreLiterature Review in Business Management5026 Words   |  21 PagesGlobalisation: Definitions and Perspectives (Composed by Eric Beerkens, 2006) Globalization refers to all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society (p.9). Albrow 1990 Globality is supplanting modernity (p. 4) Albrow 1996 The world economy has become so highly interdependent as to make national independence an anachronism, especially in financial markets. The interdependence is driven by science, technology and economics -Read MoreDeborah Cowen s The Deadly Life Of Logistics Essay1829 Words   |  8 Pagesuses critical theory to elaborate the revolution in logistics by going through the civilization of logistics and going in depth of the economic and and political significances (Cowen, 2014, p4). The introduction mentions logistics as a key to global society enhancing more on the interaction between military and corporate logistics. Her main issue with logistics is how the transportation process during production is only seen as a service and not part of production. Product are manufactured â€Å"across logistics

Self Esteem Essay - 978 Words

Self-esteem is â€Å"the sense of underpinning self-values, self-acceptance, and self-love, thought to be a powerful buffer against perceived threats† (Seaward, 2015). Self-esteem is how we feel about and view ourselves. When someone puts us down, treats us badly, or gives us compliments and loves us that is what builds or brings down our self-esteem. Self-esteem is brought on by our feelings, thoughts, actions, and memories (Seaward, 2015). Self-esteem plays a big role with stress. If a person is brought down and feels little by others and themselves, it can make them very stressed. Low self-esteem is one key factor that can bring out the stress in those who are stressed. Low self-esteem is not feeling happy about yourself or your thoughts,†¦show more content†¦For us to have external relationships we must be happy and love ourselves. Values are our personal beliefs based on goodness, they include love, honesty, self-esteem, independence, respect, forgiveness, educat ion, and leisure (Seaward, 2015). Just like religion, our values usually come from what we were brought up with. We learn, as children, from our family how to act, and treat others, just like we learn right from wrong, love and hate, and good and bad. When we have conflicts with our values it can cause stress in our lives. According to Victor Frankl’s observations â€Å"stress arises when values conflict with each other, leading to arousal of inner tension, thus disturbing the homeostasis of the mind† (Seaward, 2015). Tension leads to stress and it can be resolved through the strength of our inner resources. One’s meaningful purpose in life can be their life goals, and life experiences. Many people search so long for their meaning and purpose in life and that can become so stressful if they feel they will never find the answer. We must have self-respect, and pride to find our way in life. To deal with stress in this aspect we need to pursue the meaningful purpos e. Pursuing and completing the meaningful purpose is â€Å"initiated by self-reflection, and giving strength to the individuals internal relationship† (Seaward, 2015). We can never give up hope from which we have learned from our values. There are many differences between values, attitudes, and beliefs. For me, valuesShow MoreRelated Self-Esteem Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as: self-presentation. A great deal of human behaviour is, in part, determined or constrained by people’s concerns with others’ impressions and evaluations of them. Because all human beings are different from one another, the thought process used which results in the self-presentation of a person will also differ from person to person. In this case the potential factor effecting the self-presentation of an individual is that of the self-esteem of the individual. Self–esteem being: â€Å" AnRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesCan self-esteem really engender success, or does it induce the well-being of individuals? By success, I mean academic achievement and a college degree. Self-esteem is crucial to the well-being and happiness of individuals. However, too much self-esteem makes people become narcissistic, which is destructive and superfluous to becoming successful. Therefore, self-esteem cannot engender success, which is corroborated with the self-esteem movement, but it can cause the well-being of individuals. TheRead MoreSelf- Esteem Essays1137 Words   |  5 PagesScenario Self Esteem There are many similarities and differences to self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Self-concept is the mental image or perception that one has of oneself. Self-esteem is the experience of feeling competent to cope with the basic challenges in life and of being worthy of happiness. Then self-efficacy is confidence in your ability to carry out a specific task in contrast to generalized self-confidence. The only person that can feel self-conceptRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay744 Words   |  3 Pages Low Self Esteem is a very common thing now a days with people criticizing each other due to social media. Self-esteem is an important and valuable building block in having a successful life. Having low self-esteem can lead up to depression and to not wanting to do anything, you want to give up on life. Putting other people down will hurt their feelings which then will make them start to think that they are not good enough. Having high or even a medium amount of self-esteem will make your lifeRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesIts your self-esteem! Self Esteem is defined as confidence in your own merit as an individual. Our self esteem is instilled in us during our youth. There are two types of self esteem. There is high self esteem which is when you feel good about yourself, and then there is low self esteem which is when you feel bad about yourself. Being constantly criticized by family, friends, and society tends to slowly strip us of our feelings of self worth. Our low self esteem strips us of our self confidenceRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay748 Words   |  3 Pages Low Self Esteem is a very typical thing nowadays with people criticizing each other due to social media. Self-esteem is an important and valuable building block in having a prosperous life. Having low self-esteem can lead up to depression and to not wanting to do anything, you want to give up on life. Putting other people down will hurt their feelings which in then will make them start to think that they are not valuable enough. Having high or even a medium amount of self-esteem will make yourRead MoreEssay on Self-Esteem2098 Words   |  9 PagesSelf-Esteem over Logic and Beliefs Columbia College, Missouri Abstract Self-Esteem gives a person the right to value themselves. Our self-esteem sometimes overpowers our logic, and can lead us to act in ways that are not always our own. This paper examines how the following theories; Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, Self- Evaluation Maintenance Theory, Self-Affirmation Theory, Rationalization Trap and Self-Discrepancy Theory impact a persons self-esteem decisions. Where people in differentRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay1940 Words   |  8 Pagesto this question is how a persons self esteem contributes to depression. Self esteem revolves around a persons feelings about themselves. If self esteem is not focused on in a persons life, it can contribute to negative feelings about oneself, which can be a continuous feeling throughout a persons life. With a low self esteem, people lose confidence in their decision making and therefore start to not believe in themselves. Thus, building a positive self esteem should be focused on in a childsRead MoreEssay Self Est eem1892 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper is about the impact of self-esteem on daily life. The more negative thoughts and feelings you have about yourself, the lower your self-esteem. People with low self-esteem often have little confidence in their abilities and question their self-worth. A common scenario, which exemplifies a lack of self-esteem, features college students who say, It wont do any good to study. I wont make a good grade anyway. These students think they are doomed to failure because of poor performanceRead MoreHigh Self Esteem Essay2676 Words   |  11 Pageslevel of self-esteem.’ Critically discuss. Self-esteem has captivated the interest of psychological researchers and the whole of society. â€Å"This academic preoccupation is substantially matched by interest among the public at large, and not just among those people, doctors, teachers and social workers who might be expected to show a professional interest in the human psyche. In their everyday lives people routinely treat the notion of self-esteem

What Is the International Business Environment Free Essays

1What is the international business environment? ?†¢ Globalisation – what is globalisation 0o is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world †¦ brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders. Stiglitz, 2002) 0o Globalisation is being brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders resulting in the closer integration of the countries and people of the world ? †¢ TNCs – what is TNCs, why TNCs 0o Transnational corporations (TNCs) are incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprising parent enterprises and their foreign affiliates. A parent enterprise is defined as an enterprise that controls assets of other entities in countries other than its home country, usually by owning a certain equity capital stake. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the International Business Environment? or any similar topic only for you Order Now An equity capital stake of 10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting power for an incorporated enterprise, or its equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise, is normally considered as the threshold for the control of assets. In some countries, an equity stake of other than 10% is still used. United Nations Center of Transnational Corporations, 1990) 0o They consider, that there are three important characteristics that distinguish the transnational organization from its multinational, international and global counterparts: 1) It builds and legitimizes multiple diverse internal perspectives. In multinational companies key decisions are as a rule made by a country management group. In global companies managers in worldwide product divisions are typically the most influential. In international companies, functional management groups often dominate. On the contrary, in transnational companies the influence of the three management groups is balanced. (Christopher A. Bartlett, 2003) 0o The impact of TNC activity on the environment is extensive. TNC importance stems from their vast corporate networks and technological resources and the international consequences of their decision-making. More than 50 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions are in the province of TNCs. TNCs invest more than US$225 billion each year outside their home countries, and 95 per cent of these investments come from firms based in industrialized countries. Seventy per cent of world trade involves TNCs, who also hold 90 per cent of all technology and product patents. Every major natural resource extraction and processing industry involves TNCs. The environmental impacts of TNCs extend to the service sector (product advertising) and the financial services sector (investment loans). (Gleckman, 1995) How to cite What Is the International Business Environment?, Essay examples

Elderly Nutrition Essay Example For Students

Elderly Nutrition Essay I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church familyfkdasjfiosf duasdfiop idfopasudpfioapsd uf udiopfu Fdsadkf kj kjdkjfk kjdkl;jsgjf lk;adjfkiei uidkdjfadjkdk;sjfddurrrr rrrrrrrrrrr rrrrrd kkkkklkfj kdjf kkd j jl;dafjks;fadjk; kdkadfjk k ;ad;ffasf ;ak kda;fdk;af djkdjfladkfjiosd kldjf kj dkljfa;kdjf ksa;feiri sherur derudk rice pudding aidei dka;s kd;skadfld;jkdas d k djfhdjf jdf jdjh jdfdxlk jdhewiufyud j j dkfjklsjda; kfjd;asjfla;flfja;df diafudo pfuifiduf pi uydfuai jdsayoudf ydfua udayfd u dusyafodua u diofdao u udd7e I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church family!!I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church family!! .

Elderly Nutrition Essay Example For Students

Elderly Nutrition Essay I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church familyfkdasjfiosf duasdfiop idfopasudpfioapsd uf udiopfu Fdsadkf kj kjdkjfk kjdkl;jsgjf lk;adjfkiei uidkdjfadjkdk;sjfddurrrr rrrrrrrrrrr rrrrrd kkkkklkfj kdjf kkd j jl;dafjks;fadjk; kdkadfjk k ;ad;ffasf ;ak kda;fdk;af djkdjfladkfjiosd kldjf kj dkljfa;kdjf ksa;feiri sherur derudk rice pudding aidei dka;s kd;skadfld;jkdas d k djfhdjf jdf jdjh jdfdxlk jdhewiufyud j j dkfjklsjda; kfjd;asjfla;flfja;df diafudo pfuifiduf pi uydfuai jdsayoudf ydfua udayfd u dusyafodua u diofdao u udd7e I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church family!!I am writing this letter to regret that I am unable to continue to attend church services here. I appreciate all the spiritual counseling and other services given to my family by this wonderful place of worship. My family has decided to attend Jackson Street Missionary Baptist Church. Thank you for your many blessings. May God continue to bless you and the church family!! .

Business Health Check Essay Example

Business Health Check Essay Analyses the objective a selected service industry (Hotel, Restaurant )(AC. 1) Discuss about the development of hospitality industry based on the industry objectives in context of a chosen hospitality organization) MI : Identify tourism and hospitality development network and explain how they serve to achieve the industry objectives. (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospitality industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Explain factors that impact on a selected service industry business. AC. 2) (You are required to analyses the indirect and direct effects in which a chosen hospitality organization operates, analyses the environment in a selected arrive Industry) ODL : Imagine you are the Business manager who has been asked to formulate a strategy in line with the environmental changes of tourism and hospitality Sector in ASK. What strategies and policies you would recommend? (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospital ity industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Determine potential improvements to a selected service industry business. (AC 1. 3) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of operational activities in line with the trend of operations in the hospitality sector e. G. The production line approach and the customer participation approach and its effects on the organizations) PA. Review the effectiveness of a selected service industry business. (AC. 1) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of current service and performance measurement in the modern people centered industry of your choice) AS. Develop plans to improve the elected service industry business, justifying their value. (AC. 2)(You are ARQ aired to support your assessment with the help of service quality and customer retention based on the perpetual map in the odder people centered industry of your choice ) Task two: pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (1_03) Answer the following is a scenario (Essay format) Task three: Pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (ALL) Answer the following is a scenario (Class room activity) Scenario Investing in people: at what cost? We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Health Check specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Amanda Scott, then General Manager of the Copter Hotel in Glasgow, suggests that in many respects lip embodied what any good manager should be doing investing in their people. However, she also outlined a number of criticisms. Many companies that have attained the lip Standard often already eave good HRS systems and procedures in place so gaining the award may simply be nothing more than a bagging process. Moreover it is a bagging process that generates a lot of paperwork and bureaucracy, with the awarding body often using obscure and confusing jargon. She also suggests that the cost of lip accreditation may well be prohibitive, As a management model it can deliver, but in my opinion EH for the privilege of a branding exercise cannot be justified. It if was my personal money? I dont think so. This latter point concerning the costly nature of lip accreditation could be articulacy important for smaller companies who predominate in tourism and hospitality. The CHIP has recently estimated that the total cost of seeking lip is between EH-EYE 000 depending On the size of the Organization and how much consultancy support the organization uses. Derived from Scott (1999); CHIP (2006). Class room Activity: PA. Devise and justify plans for the development of skills for management and staff in a selected service industry business. (AC. 2) (This is a class activity and once the activity is carried out by the tutor then type the class activity and attach it with your assignment) MGM: Review the demand supply of labor based on occupation in the context of your chosen hospitality organization. DO: Describe the overall objectives of your chosen hospitality organization, and demonstrate the current workforce position. Conclusions Recommendations You are required to write conclusions to your assignment. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your assignment, to summarize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also our opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note. Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your find nags. Note: To achieve a Merit, your work must show evidence of all three Ms i. E. MI /MM/ MM. Not just the examples given above. To achieve a Distinction, your work must show evidence of ALL three Ads Achievement of Pass, Merit and Distinction Grade Achievement of a Pass grade: A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for pass for each unit. Achievement Of a merit grade To achieve a merit grade you must achieve a pass grade and also your essay/ assignment/coursework demonstrates your abilities and skills in the following areas: MI identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Unselect/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques MM present and communicate appropriate findings Grade Descriptors: Merit Indicative Characteristics MI Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions effective judgments have been made complex problems with more than one variable have been explored an effective approach to study and research has been applied MM Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques relevant theories and techniques have been applied a range Of methods and techniques have been applied a range of sources of information has been used the selection of methods and techniques/sources has been justified the design of methods/techniques has been justified complex information/data has been s ynthesized and processed appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied VI Present and communicate appropriate findings the appropriate structure and approach has been used coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience a range of methods of presentation have been used and technical language has been accurately used communication has taken place in familiar and unfamiliar contexts The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used. Achievement of a distinction grade TO achieve a merit grade you must achieve merit grade and also your essay/ ODL: use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities DO demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking Structure and Format for report writing, essay format and class room activity (Assignment) You are advised to use the following format Title page -? The details of author, circulation, purpose of submission and date. Contents -? With page numbers. Introduction -? The background, the issue and the aim of the investigation. With headings and sub-headings clearly showing who ICC assessment criteria overfed e. G. (AC 1. 1) Conclusions -? Overall findings of the investigation: the overall picture that has emerged and the implications. References _ Identification of literature and other sources used and referred to in the text. Appendix A: Plagiarism and Collusion Any act of plagiarism and collusion will be seriously dealt with according to the regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below: Using the work of others without acknowledging source of information or inspiration. Even if the words are changed or sentences are put in different order, the result is still plagiarism. (Cornell 2003) Collusion describes as the submission of work produced in collaboration for an assignment based on the assessment of individual work. When one person shares his/her work with others who submit part or all of it as their own work. Appendix B: Harvard Referencing System Any information that is not yours needs to be referenced or else turns to be plagiarism. Copying from someones work can be unintentionally if you are unaware of the rules of acknowledging and referencing direct quotations. The Harvard system of citation requires you to acknowledge certain information which are mainly the surname and year of publication within the text.

Human Rights in china essays

Human Rights in china essays One of the first things that come to mind about human rights in China would most likely be the Tiananmen Square massacre, where in 1989 hundreds of student protestors lost their lives to the People's Republic of China. The bloody body of a dead student removed from the street right after the Tiananmen Square crackdown on June 4, 1989. Web page rjgeib.com/thoughts/china/china.html The name People's Republic of China seems a contradiction of its meaning. If indeed its name is the People's Republic of China than why did it massacre peaceful protestors with tanks and machine guns? But the Chinese government argues that the force was necessary for maintaining a national order (Muzhi Zhu). The People's Republic of China (PRC) is actually an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the main source of power. At the national and regional levels, party members hold almost all the top government, police, and military positions. The country's authority rests with members of the Politburo (China Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1999). CCP stresses that it needs to maintain stability and social order. The Government's poor human rights record in 1999 shows the extent at which the Government intensified efforts to suppress its 1.27 billion people. A crackdown against a newly formed opposition party, which began in the fall of 1998, broadened and intensified during the year. By the end of 1998, almost all of the key leaders of the China Democracy Party (CDP) were serving long prison terms or were in custody without any formal charges, and only a handful of members nationwide dared to remain active publicly (China Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1999). Tens of thousands of members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement were arrested after the movement was banned in July. Thereafter, several leaders of the movement were sentenced to long prison terms in late December, and hundre...